The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Calcitriol on the Expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (V-Cam 1) in Aortic Early Atherosclerosis: An in vivo Study in a Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis
Author(s): Dimas Arya Umara, Teuku Heriansyah*, Sri Wahyuni, Haris Munirwan and Mudatsir
Abstract
Background: VCAM-1 expression increases under conditions of high bioactive lipids such as dyslipidemia through the activity of oxidised LDL and triggers the early process of atherosclerosis. Ascorbic acid and Vitamin D are thought to have beneficial roles in aspects of suppressing inflammation, preventing oxidative stress and lowering lipid profiles in subjects at risk of cardiovascular disease.
Method: This research is pure experimental research. The research design used was a posttest design with a control group (post-test only control group design). The research will be conducted at the Animal Experimental Unit and Anatomy Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Syiah Kuala University. The samples of this study were 24 male Rattus novergicus strain Wistar white rats obtained from the Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) which were divided into control group (N), Dyslipidemia group (DL) given atherogenic feed, dyslipidemia group given atherogenic feed and vitamin C (DLC) and dyslipidemia group given atherogenic feed and Calcitriol (DLD). Mice will be given ascorbic acid at a dose of 500 mg/day and calcitriol 0.25 mcg/day. Immunohistochemical (IHK) examination of VCAM-1 expression was performed by Kiernan’s method with modifications, and immunohistochemical staining method performed is the ABC method. Data on the distribution of VCAM-1 in the cardiac aortic tissue of white rats were analysed descriptively and presented in the form of histological images and analysed using the Kuskal-Wallis non-parametric test and any differences in VCAM-1 expression in the observed sections between treatment groups were analysed by the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: This research had 24 samples consisting of 6 samples of control group (N), 6 samples of dyslipidemia group (DL) given atherogenic feed, 6 samples of atherogenic feed and vitamin C (DLC), 6 samples of atherogenic feed and Calcitriol (DLD). The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in VCAM-1 expression between the dyslipidemia group (DL) given atherogenic feed and samples of atherogenic feed and vitamin C (DLC) (p=0.002). Likewise, the atherogenic feed and Calcitriol (DLD) group which was compared with the dyslipidemia group (DL) given atherogenic feed, was found to have a significant difference (p=0.002). However, comparison of VCAM-1 expression between atherogenic feed and vitamin C (DLC) and atherogenic feed and Calcitriol (DLD) groups was found to have no significant difference (p=0.394).
Conclusion: The administration of vitamin C and calcitriol has a positive effect and benefit in reducing VCAM-1 expression in vivo study a mouse model of atherosclerosis.
